Unlike Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), the symptoms of PMDD are so severe that they interfere with work, social activities, and relationships. Understanding the 11 symptoms of PMDD is crucial for those seeking a diagnosis, as proper identification and treatment can lead to significant improvements in quality of life.
What is PMDD?
PMDD is a severe, chronic medical condition that requires attention and treatment. It is characterized by intense emotional and physical symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, typically the week before menstruation begins, and subside within a few days after the onset of menstruation. The exact cause of PMDD is not known, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes and neurotransmitter imbalances.
Your body gives signals—this ring helps you decode them
The 11 Symptoms of PMDD
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a diagnosis of PMDD requires the presence of at least five of the following 11 PMDD symptoms, with at least one of the symptoms being a mood-related symptom.
1. Mood Swings
Frequent and extreme changes in mood, such as sudden sadness or tearfulness, are common in PMDD. These mood swings are more severe than those experienced with PMS.
2. Irritability or Anger
A heightened sense of irritability or anger, often leading to increased conflicts with others, is a key symptom of PMDD.
3. Depression or Hopelessness
Feelings of profound sadness, hopelessness, or self-deprecating thoughts can occur, significantly impacting one’s mental health.
4. Anxiety or Tension
Severe anxiety or tension, including feelings of being on edge, is another primary symptom of PMDD.
5. Decreased Interest in Activities
A noticeable reduction in interest in daily activities and hobbies that one usually enjoys can be indicative of PMDD.
6. Difficulty Concentrating
PMDD can lead to challenges in focusing and concentrating on tasks, affecting productivity and daily functioning.
7. Fatigue or Lack of Energy
A persistent feeling of fatigue or a significant lack of energy, even with adequate rest, is commonly reported by those with PMDD.
8. Changes in Appetite
Changes in appetite, such as overeating or specific food cravings, often occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
9. Sleep Problems
Experiencing sleep disturbances, such as insomnia or excessive sleepiness, can be a symptom of PMDD.
10. Feeling Overwhelmed or Out of Control
A sense of being overwhelmed or out of control, which can exacerbate other symptoms, is frequently noted.
11. Physical Symptoms
Physical symptoms such as breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, and bloating are also common in PMDD.
Breaking the Silence on Period Pain and PMDD
PMDD is more than just severe PMS—it’s a debilitating condition that affects both mind and body, often making daily life feel impossible. While recognizing the symptoms is the first step, understanding the stigma and historical misconceptions surrounding menstrual health is just as crucial.
To dive deeper into the emotional and physical toll of PMDD, we spoke with Shalene Gupta about the shame often tied to menstrual suffering, the societal narratives that have dismissed period pain for centuries, and why reframing these experiences is so important. In this interview, Shalene shares her personal journey, the research that reshaped her perspective, and what it truly means to confront the pain of periods and PMDD.
Get the book “The Cycle: Confronting the Pain of Periods and PMDD” by Shalene Gupta
Anxiety Before Menstruation
Anxiety before menstruation is a significant symptom of PMDD. The increased anxiety can exacerbate other symptoms, making daily functioning even more challenging. This heightened state of anxiety can affect both personal and professional life, adding to the stress and emotional burden of those suffering from PMDD.
Mood During Period
While PMDD symptoms generally ease after the onset of menstruation, some individuals may still experience mood disturbances during their period. Understanding the impact of PMDD on mood during the entire menstrual cycle is crucial for effective management and treatment.
Treatment Options
Medications
Medications are often the first line of treatment for PMDD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed to help alleviate the emotional symptoms of PMDD. Hormonal treatments, such as birth control pills, can also be effective in regulating menstrual cycles and reducing symptoms.
Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle modifications can play a significant role in managing PMDD. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and stress management techniques such as mindfulness or yoga can help reduce the severity of symptoms.
Therapy and Support
Psychotherapy, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be beneficial for those with PMDD. Support groups and counseling can also provide emotional support and coping strategies.
When to See a Doctor
If your period consistently makes your mood worse and you want relief, see your doctor. It may help to keep a symptom diary to track how your symptoms fluctuate with your menstrual cycle. Whether you’re dealing with PMDD or another mood disorder exacerbated by your period, your doctor can help determine the best treatment for you.
