Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a cyclical, hormone-based mood disorder. Symptoms emerge during the premenstrual or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and usually subside within a few days after menstruation begins. PMDD affects approximately 5.5% of women and individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB) who are of reproductive age.
Unlike a hormonal imbalance, PMDD is a severe negative reaction in the brain to the natural fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone. It’s important to note that while PMDD is directly connected to the menstrual cycle, it is not caused by abnormal hormone levels but rather by the brain’s sensitivity to these hormonal changes.
Individuals with PMDD are at an increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Many, but not all, have a history of depression or past trauma, such as sexual abuse. Currently, there are no blood or saliva tests to diagnose PMDD, although these tests can help rule out other underlying conditions. The only definitive way to diagnose PMDD is by tracking your symptoms daily over at least two menstrual cycles.